How do lithium ion batteries self-extinguish?

Li-ion batteries are extremely flammable, but are able to stop themselves from catching on fire.


Lithium ion batteries contain a highly flammable electrolyte solution that allows ions to move from anode to cathode and back through a separator. However, if there is an internal short circuit, heat can build up, and the battery can potentially burst into flame.

© Raja Lockey
© Raja Lockey

Stanford researchers have developed a new separator made of polymer that contains triphenyl phosphate (TPP), which is flame retardant. If temperatures reach 150°C, the polymer shell melts, releasing the TPP to prevent combustion.

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