The physical and mental health, exercise regime and food/drink intake of International Space Station (ISS) astronauts are carefully monitored, before, during and after their missions.
This ensures they're fit and healthy, reducing the risk of serious issues developing while in space.
There are some complaints that seem to be prevalent in astronauts, however, such as motion sickness, back pain, rashes, fungal infections and cold sores. It’s also well known that astronauts are more prone to viral and bacterial infection.
It’s a consequence of the enclosed, sterile and ‘high-touch’ environment they’re in.
Astronauts have basic medical training to deal with these complaints. An on-board medical kit contains various drugs and supplies, as well as a defibrillator, a portable ultrasound instrument and an ophthalmoscope to check crew members’ eyes.
So they’re prepared for most problems, from headaches to heart attacks. More serious issues could be addressed with assistance from medical teams on the ground.
Actual medical emergencies, such as those requiring surgery, complex treatment or isolation, should be rare.
For example, researchers estimate that the risk of acute appendicitis on the ISS is 1–2 per 100,000 person-days, or 1–2 cases every 45 years for a six-person crew. In such cases, the only option would be an evacuation back to Earth.
To date, three such evacuations have been conducted. They were from the Salyut and Mir space stations during the 1970s and 80s, due to suspected appendicitis, prostatitis and dysrhythmia.
This article is an answer to the question (asked by Nik Olsen, via email) 'What happens if you get ill on the ISS?'
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